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Journal of Infection in Developing... Feb 2014The emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria has prompted interest in alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. One of the possible replacement options for... (Review)
Review
The emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria has prompted interest in alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. One of the possible replacement options for antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents. Phage therapy is an important alternative to antibiotics in the current era of drug-resistant pathogens. Bacteriophages have played an important role in the expansion of molecular biology and have been used as antibacterial agents since 1966. In this review, we describe a brief history of bacteriophages and clinical studies on their use in bacterial disease prophylaxis and therapy. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents in this regard.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriophages; Biological Therapy; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; United States
PubMed: 24518621
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3573 -
Endocrine Reviews Dec 2020Graves' hyperthyroidism is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), resulting in uncontrolled... (Review)
Review
Graves' hyperthyroidism is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), resulting in uncontrolled secretion of excessive thyroid hormone. Conventional treatments, including antithyroid medication, radioiodine, or surgery have remained largely unchanged for the past 70 years and either lack efficacy for many patients, or result in lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy, in the case of the latter 2 options. The demand for new therapeutic options, combined with greater insight into basic immunobiology, has led to the emergence of novel approaches to treat Graves' hyperthyroidism. The current therapies under investigation include biologics, small molecules, and peptide immunomodulation. There is a growing focus on TSHR-specific treatment modalities, which carry the advantage of eliciting a specific, targeted approach, with the aim of avoiding disruption of the functioning immune system. These therapies present a new opportunity to supersede the inadequate treatments currently available for some Graves' patients, offering hope of successful restoration of euthyroidism without the need for ongoing therapy. Several of these therapeutic options have the potential to translate into clinical practice in the near future. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances and various stages of development of the novel therapeutic approaches to treat Graves' hyperthyroidism.
Topics: Biological Therapy; Graves Disease; Humans; Receptors, Thyrotropin
PubMed: 32845332
DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa022 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Jul 2023The field of asthma has undergone a dramatic change in recent years. Advances in our understanding of type 2 airway inflammation have driven the discovery of monoclonal... (Review)
Review
The field of asthma has undergone a dramatic change in recent years. Advances in our understanding of type 2 airway inflammation have driven the discovery of monoclonal antibodies targeting specific aspects of the immune pathway. In landmark trials, these drugs have shown efficacy in reducing asthma attacks and exposure to oral corticosteroids, important causes of morbidity in people with asthma. Our review explores the key features of type 2 inflammation in asthma and summarizes the clinical trial evidence of the novel monoclonal antibody treatments and future avenues for treatment.
Topics: Humans; Asthma; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Inflammation; Biological Therapy
PubMed: 37265457
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221212 -
Virus Research May 2014Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of avian species. ND is economically significant because of the huge mortality and morbidity... (Review)
Review
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of avian species. ND is economically significant because of the huge mortality and morbidity associated with it. The disease is endemic in many third world countries where agriculture serves as the primary source of national income. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is well characterized member among the avian paramyxovirus serotypes. In recent years, NDV has lured the virologists not only because of its pathogenic potential, but also for its oncolytic activity and its use as a vaccine vector for both humans and animals. The NDV based recombinant vaccine offers a pertinent choice for the construction of live attenuated vaccine due to its modular nature of transcription, minimum recombination frequency, and lack of DNA phase during replication. Our current understanding about the NDV biology is expanding rapidly because of the availability of modern molecular biology tools and high-throughput complete genome sequencing.
Topics: Animals; Biological Therapy; Bird Diseases; Birds; Drug Carriers; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Newcastle disease virus; Oncolytic Viruses
PubMed: 24589707
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.02.016 -
Immunologic Research Jun 2023Nowadays, the biological equipment available for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis is plenty. Anti-interleukin-23 represents the latest class of biologic... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, the biological equipment available for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis is plenty. Anti-interleukin-23 represents the latest class of biologic approved for the management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Their efficacy and safety have been assessed through two major sources: clinical trials (CTs) and real-world experiences data (RWE). Notably, the two sources differ from one another, but together, they complement information and current knowledge on both efficacy and safety of biological therapy. We carry out a review on CTs and RWE reports on the latest group of biological approved for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: anti-IL23 (guselkumab, risankizumab, and tildrakizumab).
Topics: Humans; Biological Therapy; Interleukin-23; Psoriasis; Treatment Outcome; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 36598647
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09356-y -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jun 2018The present review is part of the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies. (Review)
Review
ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies: an infectious diseases perspective (Agents targeting lymphoid cells surface antigens [I]: CD19, CD20 and CD52).
BACKGROUND
The present review is part of the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies.
AIMS
To review, from an Infectious Diseases perspective, the safety profile of agents targeting CD19, CD20 and CD52 and to suggest preventive recommendations.
SOURCES
Computer-based MEDLINE searches with MeSH terms pertaining to each agent or therapeutic family.
CONTENT
Although CD19-targeted agents (blinatumomab or inebilizumab) are not associated with an increased risk of infection, they may cause IgG hypogammaglobulinaemia and neutropenia. The requirement for prolonged intravenous infusion of blinatumomab may increase the risk of catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Infection remains the most common non-haematological adverse effect of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, including severe respiratory tract infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and varicella-zoster virus infection. Screening for chronic or resolved HBV infection is recommended for patients receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Antiviral prophylaxis should be offered for 12-18 months to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and HBsAg-negative/anti-hepatitis B core antibody (HBc)-positive patients. Anti-Pneumocystis prophylaxis should be considered in patients receiving concomitant chemotherapy, particularly steroids. Alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) increases the risk of infections, in particular among leukaemia and solid organ transplant patients. These populations benefit from anti-Pneumocystis prophylaxis, prevention strategies for cytomegalovirus infection, and screening for HBV, hepatitis C virus and tuberculosis. Antiviral prophylaxis for at least 6-12 months should be provided for HBsAg-positive patients.
IMPLICATIONS
As there are limited clinical data for many of the reviewed agents, special attention must be given to promptly detect and report emerging infectious complications.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antigens, CD19; Antigens, CD20; Antigens, Surface; Biological Therapy; CD52 Antigen; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consensus; Immunocompromised Host; Immunologic Factors; Lymphocytes; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Rituximab; Virus Activation; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 29447988
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.003 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Dec 2021Through treatment with biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) or targeted synthetic (tsDMARDs) such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in addition to MTX, clinical remission has... (Review)
Review
Through treatment with biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) or targeted synthetic (tsDMARDs) such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in addition to MTX, clinical remission has become a realistic therapeutic goal for the majority of patients with RA, and sustained remission facilitates prevention of joint damage and physical dysfunction. Long-term safety and sustained inhibition of structural changes and physical dysfunction by bDMARDs have been reported. The development of next-generation bDMARDs and expansion of their indications to various autoimmune diseases are expected. Five JAK inhibitors show comparable efficacy to bDMARDs, and the latest ones are effective for overcoming difficult-to-treat RA regardless of prior medications. Patients treated with JAK inhibitors should be adequately screened and monitored for infection, cardiovascular disorders, thrombosis, malignancies and so on. Advances in therapeutic strategies, including the differential use of therapeutic drugs and de-escalation of treatment after remission induction, are prioritized.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biological Therapy; Humans; Janus Kinase Inhibitors; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 34951925
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab609 -
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings Jul 2019
Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Biological Therapy; Depression; Desensitization, Immunologic; Diagnosis, Differential; Diet Therapy; Humans; Peanut Hypersensitivity; Phenotype; United States
PubMed: 31262377
DOI: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4232 -
Theranostics 2017DNAzymes are catalytically active DNA molecules that are obtained via in vitro selection. RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have attracted significant attention for both therapeutic... (Review)
Review
DNAzymes are catalytically active DNA molecules that are obtained via in vitro selection. RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have attracted significant attention for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their excellent programmability, stability, and activity. They can be designed to cleave a specific mRNA to down-regulate gene expression. At the same time, DNAzymes can sense a broad range of analytes. By combining these two functions, theranostic DNAzymes are obtained. This review summarizes the progress of DNAzyme for theranostic applications. First, selection of DNAzymes is briefly introduced, and some representative DNAzymes related to biological applications are summarized. Then, the applications of DNAzyme for RNA cleaving are reviewed. DNAzymes have been used to cleave RNA for treating various diseases, such as viral infection, cancer, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Several formulations have entered clinical trials. Next, the use of DNAzymes for detecting metal ions, small molecules and nucleic acids related to disease diagnosis is summarized. Finally, the theranostic applications of DNAzyme are reviewed. The challenges to be addressed include poor DNAzyme activity under biological conditions, mRNA accessibility, delivery, and quantification of gene expression. Possible solutions to overcome these challenges are discussed, and future directions of the field are speculated.
Topics: Animals; Biological Therapy; Biomedical Research; DNA, Catalytic; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; RNA; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 28382172
DOI: 10.7150/thno.17736 -
Reumatologia Clinica 2017Biological therapy has changed the course of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The safety is well documented in national and international studies. Neurological... (Review)
Review
Biological therapy has changed the course of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The safety is well documented in national and international studies. Neurological manifestations are uncommon and it is difficult to establish a clear causal relationship. The neurological signs and symptoms that may appear are multiple and sometimes mimic demyelinating neurological diseases and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Knowledge and disclosure of these cases is essential for a comprehensive management of biological therapy in our patients.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antirheumatic Agents; Biological Therapy; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 27373584
DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2016.04.012